TORONTO, March 24, 2020 - Xanadu Mines Ltd. (ASX: XAM, TSX: XAM) (Xanadu or the Company) is pleased to announce that it has entered into an earn-in agreement with Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) to sole fund up to $USD7.2 million in exploration expenditure at the Company’s Red Mountain copper-gold Project located in the South Gobi region of Mongolia (Figures 1 and 2). Exploration objectives of the earn-in deal are to discover Mongolia’s next world-class copper-porphyry deposit.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Xanadu and JOGMEC enter into a new earn-in agreement in Mongolia
- JOGMEC to sole fund up to $USD7.2 million over 4 years in exploration expenditure to earn a 51% interest in Red Mountain
- Red Mountain comprises a large and underexplored porphyry district in the highly prospective South Gobi porphyry belt
- Exploration objectives is discovery of a Tier-1 copper-gold porphyry deposit
- Builds upon Xanadu’s other active exploration program at Kharmagtai in the South Gobi
Xanadu’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr Andrew Stewart, said “Xanadu is honoured that JOGMEC has seen fit to embark on a new collaboration at our Red Mountain copper-gold Project. The Red Mountain Project is a highly prospective, porphyry copper-gold district with enormous potential for a new Tier-1 discovery. This partnership and increased exploration funding allow a focussed and accelerated exploration program at Red Mountain, thereby maximising the chances of success while minimising shareholder dilution. Previous drilling at the project has returned numerous high-grade copper-gold intercepts from a broad range of mineralisation styles. Deploying a suite of new exploration methodologies in 2020 will provide a whole new perspective on the mineral potential at Red Mountain. We look forward to kicking-off this exciting partnership with JOGMEC to refine and test several large-scale copper-gold targets in 2Q 2020. Both parties perceive the Red Mountain area to have high potential for discovery of a globally significant copper-gold deposit and look forward to demonstrating the value of this new relationship”.
Xanadu will continue to progress and fund exploration at its flagship Kharmagtai copper-gold project, located approximately 265km west of Red Mountain. Kharmagtai has emerged as one of the most globally promising porphyry copper-gold projects, where recent drilling has intersected a significant new zone of high-grade copper and gold mineralisation outside the defined resources containing 1.9Mt Cu and 4.3Moz Au.”
ABOUT RED MOUNTAIN
Xanadu Mines is copper and gold exploration company with several advanced exploration projects in Mongolia’s highly mineralised and vastly underexplored south Gobi region. Xanadu controls one of the most promising porphyry copper-gold projects in Asia with Kharmagtai and has an expanding portfolio of exploration projects including Red Mountain and Yellow Mountain (Figure 1).
Xanadu’s Red Mountain porphyry copper-gold Project is located within the Dornogovi Province of southern Mongolia, approximately 420km southeast of Ulaanbaatar (Figure 2), and 70km west from the provincial centre of Sainshand. The project has a granted 30-year mining licence and comprises an underexplored porphyry district (covering approximately 57km²) consisting of multiple co-genetic porphyry copper-gold centres, mineralised tourmaline breccia pipes copper-gold/base metal magnetite skarns and epithermal gold vein.
The porphyry mineralisation at Red Mountain is associated with late-stage monzonite and quartz diorite porphyry dykes and stocks emplaced on the flanks of the Red Mountain Intrusive Complex (RMIC; Figure 2). Alteration and mineralisation at Red Mountain are characterised by multiple co-genetic copper-gold porphyry centres, tourmaline breccia pipes and copper-gold/base metal magnetite skarns.
Previous exploration at Red Mountain has defined several broad zones of strong quartz stockwork veining and associated high-grade gold and copper mineralisation (typically around 0.5g/t to >5 g/t gold and 0.3% to 1.5% copper). The geology, strength of alteration and style of mineralisation also suggest that the mineralisation will extend at depth. The true opportunity at Red Mountain is seen in the large-scale porphyry potential. Highly anomalous geochemistry that corresponds to broad zones of porphyry mineralisation from trenching, zoned porphyry alteration, overlapping with large-scale magnetic and gravity anomalies, paints a compelling picture of a string of very large porphyry targets over 6km in strike (Figure 2). Initial deeper drilling in 2017 encountered 200-300m wide zones of porphyry style mineralisation at Target 10. Detailed geological work, 3D geophysical and geochemical modelling is currently underway to aid targeting for large scale porphyry deposits at Red Mountain.
RED MOUNTAIN EARN-IN AGREEMENT
Xanadu and JOGMEC have entered into a new exploration earn-in agreement over Xanadu’s Red Mountain project, located in the south Gobi region of Mongolia (Figures 1 and 2). Exploration objectives are discovery of a Tier-1 porphyry copper-gold discovery.
The key terms of the earn-in and joint venture agreement are as follows:
- JOGMEC may earn a 51% interest in the project by sole funding $USD7.2 million of expenditure over four years;
- during the earn-in, Xanadu will be the Manager of the Project;
- upon JOGMEC completing the earn-in, a joint venture will be formed, and the parties must contribute funds based on their percentage interest to maintain their respective interests; and
- standard dilution clauses will apply to the parties’ interests. Should a party’s interest dilute to below 10%, it shall automatically convert to a net smelter royalty.
NEXT STEPS
A significant exploration program is intended for the remainder of 2020 and expected to include additional geophysics and further application of geochemistry followed by reverse circulation and/or diamond drilling.
Exploration activity at Red Mountain is scheduled to recommence in April/May 2020 and continue through to November 2020. The scheduling of the exploration activity will be determined in conjunction with JOGMEC in the coming months, with updates provided as specific exploration programs commence.
Figure 1 is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/b7f48ae3-4460-45ad-841c-68e96ffee3ad
Figure 2 is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/2c9a7702-aa0f-4f98-a56c-45fb77e410b8
COMPETENT-QUALIFIED PERSON STATEMENT
The information in this announcement that relates to exploration results is based on information compiled by Dr Andrew Stewart, who is responsible for the exploration data, comments on exploration target sizes, QA/QC and geological interpretation and information. Dr Stewart, who is an employee of Xanadu and is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Geoscientists, has sufficient experience relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity he is undertaking to qualify as the “Competent Person” as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves and the National Instrument 43-101. Dr Stewart consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.
COPPER EQUIVALENT CALCULATIONS
The copper equivalent (CuEq) calculation represents the total metal value for each metal, multiplied by the conversion factor, summed and expressed in equivalent copper percentage. Grades have been adjusted for metallurgical recoveries based off previous metallurgical work performed on the mineralisation in question. The copper/gold equivalent grades are of an exploration nature only and intended for summarising grade. The copper/gold equivalent calculation is intended as an indicative value only. The following copper equivalent conversion factors and long-term price assumptions have been adopted: Copper Equivalent Formula eCu or CuEq = Cu + Au * 0.62097 * 0.8235. Gold Equivalent Formula eAu = Au + Cu / 0.62097 * 0.8235.
Where:
Cu - copper grade (%)
Au - gold grade (g/t)
0.62097- conversion factor (gold to copper)
0.8235 - relative recovery of gold to copper (82.35%)
The copper/gold equivalent formula was based on the following parameters (prices are in USD):
Copper price - 3.1 $/lb (or 6834 $/t)
Gold price - 1320 $/oz
Copper recovery - 85%
Gold recovery - 70%
Relative recovery of gold to copper = 70% / 85% = 82.35%.
For further information, please contact:
Andrew Stewart
Chief Executive Officer
T: +61 2 8280 7497
M: +61 409 819 922
E: Andrew.stewart@xanadumines.com
W: www.xanadumines.com
This Announcement was authorised for release by Xanadu’s Board of Directors.
APPENDIX 1: KHARMAGTAI TABLE 1 (JORC 2012)
Set out below is Section 1 and Section 2 of Table 1 under the JORC Code, 2012 Edition for the Kharmagtai project. Data provided by Xanadu. This Table 1 updates the JORC Table 1 disclosure dated 11 April 2019.
1.1 JORC TABLE 1 - SECTION 1 - SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA
| Criteria | JORC Code (Section 1) Explanation | Commentary |
Sampling
techniques | - Nature and quality of sampling and assaying.
- Measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
- Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report.
| - Representative 2 metre samples were taken from ½ HQ diamond core.
- Only assay result results from recognised, independent assay laboratories were used after QAQC was verified.
|
Drilling
techniques | | - Diamond Drill Hole (“DDH”) drilling has been the primary drilling method. Some RC (reverse circulation) is conducted. RC holes are denoted by the KHRC prefix. Diamond Drill Holes are denoted by the KHDDH prefix.
|
Drill
sample
recovery | - Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
- Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples.
- Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
| - DDH core recoveries have been very good, averaging between 95% and 99% for all of the deposits. In localised areas of faulting and/or fracturing the recoveries decrease; however, this is a very small percentage of the overall mineralised zones.
- Recovery measurements were collected during all DDH and RC programs. The methodology used for measuring recovery is standard industry practice.
- Analysis of recovery results vs. grade indicates no significant trends. Indicating bias of grades due to diminished recovery and / or wetness of samples.
|
| Logging | - Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.
- Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc.) photography.
- The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.
| - Drill and trench samples are logged for lithology, mineralisation and alteration and geotechnical aspects using a standardised logging system, including the recording of visually estimated volume percentages of major minerals.
- Drill core was photographed after being logged by a geologist.
- The entire interval drilled and trenched has been logged by a geologist.
|
| Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation | - If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
- If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether sampled wet or dry.
- For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique.
- Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximize representivity of samples.
- Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
- Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.
| - DDH Core is cut in half with a diamond saw, following the line marked by the geologist. The rock saw is regularly flushed with fresh water.
- Sample intervals are generally a constant 2m interval down-hole in length unless subdivided at geological contacts.
- Routine sample preparation and analyses of DDH samples were carried out by ALS Mongolia LLC (“ALS Mongolia”), who operates an independent sample preparation and analytical laboratory in Ulaanbaatar.
- All samples were prepared to meet standard quality control procedures as follows: crushed to 90% passing 3.54 mm, split to 1kg, pulverised to 90% - 95% passing 200 mesh (75 microns) and split to 150g.
- Certified reference materials (CRMs), blanks and pulp duplicate were randomly inserted to manage the quality of data.
- Sample sizes are well in excess of standard industry requirements.
|
Quality of
assay data
and
laboratory
tests | - The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.
- For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc., the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
- Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.
| - All samples were routinely assayed by ALS Mongolia for gold
- Au is determined using a 25g fire assay fusion, cupelled to obtain a bead, and digested with Aqua Regia, followed by an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) finish, with a lower detection limit (“LDL”) of 0.01 ppm.
- All samples were submitted to ALS Mongolia for the package ME-ICP61 using a four acid digest. Where copper is over-range (>1% Cu), it is analysed by a second analytical technique (Cu-OG62), which has a higher upper detection limit (UDL) of 5% copper.
- Quality assurance was provided by introduction of known certified standards, blanks and duplicate samples on a routine basis.
- Assay results outside the optimal range for methods were re-analysed by appropriate methods.
- Ore Research Pty Ltd certified copper and gold standards have been implemented as a part of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (“QAQC”) procedures, as well as coarse and pulp blanks, and certified matrix matched copper-gold standards.
- QAQC monitoring is an active and ongoing processes on batch by batch basis by which unacceptable results are re-assayed as soon as practicable.
|
Verification
of sampling
and
assaying | - The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.
- The use of twinned holes.
- Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
- Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
| - All assay data QA/QC is checked prior to loading into the Geobank data base.
- The data is managed by Xanadu geologists.
- The database and geological interpretation is collectively managed by Xanadu.
|
Location of
data points | - Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
- Specification of the grid system used.
- Quality and adequacy of topographic control.
| - Diamond drill holes have been surveyed with a differential global positioning system (“DGPS”) to within 10cm accuracy.
- All diamond drill holes have been down hole surveyed to collect the azimuth and inclination at specific depths. Two principal types of survey method have been used over the duration of the drilling programs including Eastman Kodak and Flexit.
- UTM WGS84 48N grid.
- The digital terrain model (“DTM”) is based on 1m contours with an accuracy of ±0.01m.
|
Data
spacing
and
distribution | - Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
- Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.
- Whether sample compositing has been applied.
| - Holes spacings range from 50m spacings within the core of mineralization to +500m spacings for exploration drilling. Hole spacings can be determined using the sections and drill plans provided
- Holes range from vertical to an inclination of -60 degrees depending on the attitude of the target and the drilling method.
- The data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish anomalism and targeting for both porphyry, tourmaline breccia and epithermal target types.
|
Orientation
of data in
relation to
geological
structure | - Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.
- If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.
| - Drilling is conducted in a predominantly regular grid to allow unbiased interpretation and targeting.
|
| Sample security | - The measures taken to ensure sample security.
| - Samples are dispatched from site through via company employees and secure company vehicles to the Laboratories.
- Samples are signed for at the Laboratory with confirmation of receipt emailed through.
- Samples are then stored at the lab and returned to a locked storage site.
|
| Audits or reviews | - The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data
| - Internal audits of sampling techniques and data management on a regular basis, to ensure industry best practice is employed at all times.
|
1.2 JORC TABLE 1 - SECTION 2 - REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections).
| Criteria | JORC Code (Section 2) Explanation | Commentary |
Mineral
tenement
and land
tenure
status | - Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.
- The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a license to operate in the area.
| - The Project comprises 1 Mining Licence (MV-17129A).
- Xanadu now owns 90% of Vantage LLC, the 100% owner of the Oyut Ulaan mining licence.
- The Mongolian Minerals Law (2006) and Mongolian Land Law (2002) govern exploration, mining and land use rights for the project.
|
Exploration
done by
other
parties | - Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.
| |
Geology
| - Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.
| - The mineralisation is characterised as porphyry copper-gold type.
- Porphyry copper-gold deposits are formed from magmatic hydrothermal fluids typically associated with felsic intrusive stocks that have deposited metals as sulphides both within the intrusive and the intruded host rocks. Quartz stockwork veining is typically associated with sulphides occurring both within the quartz veinlets and disseminated thought out the wall rock. Porphyry deposits are typically large tonnage deposits ranging from low to high grade and are generally mined by large scale open pit or underground bulk mining methods. The deposits at Kharmagtai are atypical in that they are associated with intermediate intrusions of diorite to quartz diorite composition; however the deposits are in terms of contained gold significant, and similar gold-rich porphyry deposits.
|
Drill hole
Information | - A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes:
- easting and northing of the drill hole collar.
- elevation or RL Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar.
- dip and azimuth of the hole
- down hole length and interception depth
- hole length.
- If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case.
| - Diamond drill holes are the principal source of geological and grade data for the Project.
- See figures in ASX/TSX Announcement.
|
Data
Aggregation methods | - In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated.
- Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail.
- The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated.
| - A nominal cut-off of 0.1% eCu is used in copper dominant systems for identification of potentially significant intercepts for reporting purposes. Higher grade cut-offs are 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% eCu.
- A nominal cut-off of 0.1g/t eAu is used in gold dominant systems like Altan Burged for identification of potentially significant intercepts for reporting purposes. Higher grade cut-offs are 0.3g/t, 0.6g/t and 1g/t eAu.
- Maximum contiguous dilution within each intercept is 9m for 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% eCu.
- Most of the reported intercepts are shown in sufficient detail, including maxima and subintervals, to allow the reader to make an assessment of the balance of high and low grades in the intercept.
- Informing samples have been composited to two metre lengths honouring the geological domains and adjusted where necessary to ensure that no residual sample lengths have been excluded (best fit).
The copper equivalent (eCu) calculation represents the total metal value for each metal, multiplied by the conversion factor, summed and expressed in equivalent copper percentage with a metallurgical recovery factor applied. The copper equivalent calculation used is based off the eCu calculation defined by CSA in the 2018 Mineral Resource Upgrade.
Copper equivalent (CuEq or eCu) grade values were calculated using the following formula:
eCu or CuEq = Cu + Au * 0.62097 * 0.8235,
Gold Equivalent (eAu) grade values were calculated using the following formula:
eAu = Au + Cu / 0.62097 * 0.8235.
Where:
Cu - copper grade (%)
Au - gold grade (g/t)
0.62097- conversion factor (gold to copper)
0.8235 - relative recovery of gold to copper (82.35%)
The copper equivalent formula was based on the following parameters (prices are in USD):
Copper price - 3.1 $/lb (or 6834 $/t)
Gold price - 1320 $/oz
Copper recovery - 85%
Gold recovery - 70%
Relative recovery of gold to copper = 70% / 85% = 82.35%. |
Relationship between mineralisation
on widths
and intercept
lengths | - These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results.
- If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported.
- If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true width not known’).
| - Mineralised structures are variable in orientation, and therefore drill orientations have been adjusted from place to place in order to allow intersection angles as close as possible to true widths.
- Exploration results have been reported as an interval with 'from' and 'to' stated in tables of significant economic intercepts. Tables clearly indicate that true widths will generally be narrower than those reported.
|
| Diagrams | - Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
| - See figures in ASX/TSX Announcement.
|
Balanced
reporting | - Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.
| - Resources have been reported at a range of cut-off grades, above a minimum suitable for open pit mining, and above a minimum suitable for underground mining.
|
Other
substantive
exploration
data | - Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
| - Extensive work in this area has been done and is reported separately.
|
Further
work | - The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
- Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.
| - The mineralisation is open at depth and along strike.
- Current estimates are restricted to those expected to be reasonable for open pit mining. Limited drilling below this depth (-300m RLl) shows widths and grades potentially suitable for underground extraction.
- Exploration on going.
|
1.3 JORC TABLE 1 – SECTION 3 ESTIMATION AND REPORTING OF MINERAL RESOURCES
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code (Section 3) Explanation | Commentary |
Database
integrity | - Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes.
- Data validation procedures used.
| - The database is a Geobank data base system.
- Data is logged directly into an Excel spread sheet logging system with drop down field lists.
- Validation checks are written into the importing program ensures all data is of high quality.
- Digital assay data is obtained from the Laboratory, QAQC checked and imported
- Geobank exported to Access, and connected directly to the GemcomSurpac Software.
- Data was validated prior to resource estimation by the reporting of basic statistics for each of the grade fields, including examination of maximum values, and visual checks of drill traces and grades on sections and plans.
|
| Site visits | - Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and the outcome of those visits.
- If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case.
| - Andrew Vigar of Mining Associates visited site from 24 and 25 October 2014.
- The site visit included a field review of the exploration area, an inspection of core, sample cutting and logging procedures and discussions of geology and mineralisation with exploration geologists.
|
Geological
interpretation | - Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of the geological interpretation of the mineral deposit.
- Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made.
- The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral Resource estimation.
- The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource estimation.
- The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology.
| - Mineralisation resulted in the formation of comprises quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite-magnetite stockwork veins and minor breccias.
- The principle ore minerals of economic interest are chalcopyrite, bornite and gold, which occur primarily as infill within these veins. Gold is intergrown with chalcopyrite and bornite.
- The ore mineralised zones at Stockwork Hill, White Hill and Copper Hill are associated with a core of quartz veins that were intensely developed in and the quartz diorite intrusive stocks and/or dykes rocks. These vein arrays can be described as stockwork, but the veins have strong developed preferred orientations.
- Sulphide mineralisation is zoned from a bornite-rich core that zone outwards to chalcopyrite-rich and then outer pyritic haloes, with gold closely associated with bornite.
- Drilling indicates that the supergene profile has been oxidised to depths up to 60 metres below the surface. The oxide zone comprises fracture controlled copper and iron oxides; however there is no obvious depletion or enrichment of gold in the oxide zone.
|
| Dimensions | - The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource.
| - Stockwork Hill comprises two main mineralised zones, northern and southern stockwork zones (SH-N and SH-S) which are approximately 100 metres apart and hosted in diorite and quartz diorite porphyries.
- The SH-S is at least 550 metres long, 600 metres deep and contains strong quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite stockwork veining and associated high grade copper-gold mineralisation. The stockwork zone widens eastward from a 20 to 70 metres wide high-grade zone in the western and central sections to a 200 metres wide medium-grade zone in the eastern most sections. Mineralisation remains open at depth and along strike to the east.
- The SH-N consists of a broad halo of quartz that is 250 metres long, 150 metres wide long and at least 350 metres deep.
- WH consists of a broad halo of quartz veins that is 850 metres long, 550 metres wide long and at least 500 metres deep, and forms a pipe like geometry.
- CH forms a sub vertical body of stockwork approximately 350 × 100 metres by at least 200 metres and plunges to the southeast.
|
Estimation and
modelling
techniques | - The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a description of computer software and parameters used.
- The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such data.
- The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products.
- Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation).
- In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed.
- Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units.
- Any assumptions about correlation between variables.
- Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates.
- Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping.
- The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available.
| - The estimate Estimation Performed using Ordinary Kriging.
- Variograms are reasonable along strike.
- Minimum & Maximum Informing samples is 5 and 20 (1st pass), Second pass is 3 and 20.
- Copper and Gold Interpreted separately on NS sections and estimated as separate domains.
- Halo mineralisation defined as 0.12% Cu and 0.12g/t Au Grade.
- The mineralised domains were manually digitised on cross sections defining mineralisation. Three dimensional grade shells (wireframes) for each of the metals to be estimated were created from the sectional interpretation. Construction of the grade shells took into account prominent lithological and structural features. For copper, grade shells were constructed for each deposit at a cut-off of 0.12% and 0.3% Cu. For gold, wireframes were constructed at a threshold of 0.12g/t and 0.3 g/t. These grade shells took into account known gross geological controls in addition to broadly adhering to the above mentioned thresholds.
- Cut off grades applied are copper-equivalent (CuEq) cut off values of 0.3% for appropriate for a large bulk mining open pit and 0.5% for bulk block caving underground.
- A set of plans and cross-sections that displayed colour-coded drill holes were plotted and inspected to ensure the proper assignment of domains to drill holes.
- The faulting interpreted to have had considerable movement, for this reason, the fault surface was used to define two separate structural domains for grade estimation.
- Six metre down-hole composites were chosen for statistical analysis and grade estimation of Cu and Au. Compositing was carried out downhole within the defined mineralisation halos. Composite files for individual domains were created by selecting those samples within domain wireframes, using a fix length and 50% minimum composite length.
- A total of 4,428 measurements for specific gravity are recorded in the database, all of which were determined by the water immersion method. The average density of all samples is 2.74 t/m3. In detail there are some differences in density between different rock types, but since the model does not include geological domains a single pass Inverse Distance (“ID2”) interpolation was applied.
- Primary grade interpolation for the two metals was by ordinary kriging of capped 6m composites. A two-pass search approach was used, whereby a cell failing to receive a grade estimate in a previous pass would be resubmitted in a subsequent and larger search pass.
- The Mineral Resource Estimate meets the requirements of JORC 2012 and has been reported considering geological characteristics, grade and quantity, prospects for eventual economic extraction and location and extents. Mineral Resources are sub-divided, in order of increasing geological confidence, into Inferred, Indicated and Measured categories using relevant copper-equivalent cut-off values;
- The copper equivalent (eCu) calculation represents the total metal value for each metal, multiplied by the conversion factor, summed and expressed in equivalent copper percentage with a metallurgical recovery factor applied. The copper equivalent calculation used is based off the eCu calculation defined by CSA in the 2018 Mineral Resource Upgrade.
- Copper equivalent (CuEq or eCu) grade values were calculated using the following formula:
eCu or CuEq = Cu + Au * 0.62097 * 0.8235,
Gold Equivalent (eAu) grade values were calculated using the following formula:
eAu = Au + Cu / 0.62097 * 0.8235.
Where:
Cu - copper grade (%)
Au - gold grade (g/t)
0.62097- conversion factor (gold to copper)
0.8235 - relative recovery of gold to copper (82.35%)
The copper equivalent formula was based on the following parameters (prices are in USD):
Copper price - 3.1 $/lb (or 6834 $/t)
Gold price - 1320 $/oz
Copper recovery - 85%
Gold recovery - 70%
Relative recovery of gold to copper = 70% / 85% = 82.35%. |
| Moisture | - Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content.
| - All tonnages are reported on a dry basis.
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Cut-off
parameters | - The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied.
| - Cut off grades applied are copper-equivalent (CuEq) cut off values of 0.3% for possible open pit and 0.5% for underground.
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Mining
factors or
assumptions | - Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential mining methods, but the assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions made.
| - No mining factors have been applied to the in situ grade estimates for mining dilution or loss as a result of the grade control or mining process.
- The deposit is amenable to large scale bulk mining.
- The Mineral Resource is reported above an optimised pit shell. (Lerch Grossman algorithm), mineralisation below the pit shell is reported at a higher cut-off to reflect the increased costs associated with block cave underground mining
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Metallurgical
factors or
assumptions | - The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made.
| - No metallurgical factors have been applied to the in situ grade estimates.
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Environmental
factors or assumptions | - Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and processing operation. While at this stage the determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the status of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts should be reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this should be reported with an explanation of the environmental assumptions made.
| - An environmental baseline study was completed in 2003 by Eco Trade Co. Ltd. of Mongolia in cooperation with Sustainability Pty Ltd of Australia. The baseline study report was produced to meet the requirements for screening under the Mongolian Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) Procedures administered by the Mongolian Ministry for Nature and Environment (“MNE”).
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| Bulk density | - Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and representativeness of the samples.
- The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc.), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit.
- Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the evaluation process of the different materials.
| - A total of 4,428 measurements for specific gravity are recorded in the database, all of which were determined by the water immersion method.
- The average density of all samples is approximately 2.74 t/m3. In detail there are some differences in density between different rock types, but since the model does not include geological domain, an ID2 was applied to a density attribute.
- There is no material impact on global tonnages, but it should be noted that density is a function of both lithology and alteration (where intense magnetite/sulphide is present).
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| Classification | - The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying confidence categories.
- Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors (i.e. relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data).
- Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s view of the deposit.
| - The Mineral Resource classification protocols, for drilling and sampling, sample preparation and analysis, geological logging, database construction, interpolation, and estimation parameters are described in the ASX/TSX Announcement above have been used to classify the 2015 resource.
- The Mineral Resource statement relates to global estimates of in situ tonnes and grade
- The Mineral Resource Estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code, 2012 Edition using a qualitative approach. The classifications reflect the competent person’s view of the Kharmagtai Copper Gold Project.
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Audits or
reviews | - The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates.
| - Xanadu’s internal review and audit of the Mineral Resource Estimate consisted of data analysis and geological interpretation of individual cross-sections, comparing drill-hole data with the resource estimate block model.
- Good correlation of geological and grade boundaries was observed
- 2013 - Mining Associates Ltd. was engaged to conduct an Independent Technical Report to review drilling, sampling techniques, QAQC and previous Resource estimates. Methods were found to conform to international best practice.
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Discussion of
relative
accuracy/
confidence | - Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
- The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
- These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate should be compared with production data, where available.
| - An approach to the resource classification was used which combined both confidence in geological continuity (domain wireframes) and statistical analysis. The level of accuracy and risk is therefore reflected in the allocation of the measured, indicated and inferred resource categories.
- Resource categories were constrained by geological understanding, data density and quality, and estimation parameters. It is expected that further work will extend this considerably.
- Resources estimates have been made on a global basis and relates to in situ grades.
- Confidence in the Indicated Mineral Resources is sufficient to allow application of Modifying Factors within a technical and economic study. The confidence in Inferred Mineral Resources is not sufficient to allow the results of the application of technical and economic parameters.
- The deposits are not currently being mined.
- There is surface evidence of historic artisanal workings.
- No production data is available.
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